Data visualization tools move beyond Excel graphs and charts into sophisticated analysis techniques such as pie charts, controls, instruments, maps, time-series graphs, and more.

Primary key is a field (or group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given record in a table.

Data models are logical data structures that detail the relationships among data elements by using graphics or pictures.

The four primary traits of the value of information are levels, formats, granularities, and type.

The primary purpose of a data warehouse is to combine information.

Determining if information is updated weekly, daily, or hourly is an example of an accurate characteristic of high-quality information.

Competitive monitoring can compare two or more data sets to identify patterns and trends.

Time-series information is time-stamped information collected at a particular frequency.

In a data warehouse, information cleansing occurs first during the ETL process and again once the information is in the data warehouse.

Data integration is the integration of data from multiple sources, which provides a unified view of all data.