In Beta thalassemia, other globin chains combine with alpha chains to compensate for the decrease in the Beta chain production.  This increase is seen in an adult on electrophoresis as: 

G-6-PD deficiency usually does not cause a problem for a patient except when: 

Which result is typical in stage 3 iron deficiency anemia?

An African-American patient comes to the emergency room with complaints of shortness of breath, abdominal pain and joint pain. The physician orders a CBC and solubility test.  The results are:   Test Value Reference Range WBC 10 x 103/ul 3.5-11.0 x 103/ul RBC 2.59 x 106/ul 3.5-5.5 x 106/ul HGB 7.8 g/dl 13.0-17.0 g/dl HCT 22.8% 40-50% MCV 88 fl 80-100 fl MCH 30.1 pg 27-31 pg MCHC 34.2% 32-36% RDW 20.8

In the sickle solubility test, if the solution of RBCs and reagent is clear and you can see the black lines behind the tube, the interpretation for that tube is

The portion of the spleen responsible for culling and pitting is: 

A father brings his 2-year old son to the doctor for a check-up. He had recently moved to upstate New York from a poor neighborhood in Los Angeles. The father commented that his son had been very cranky lately. He attributed this condition to teething. He had a habit of chewing on his favorite painted wooden toys, which were family heirlooms. He was referred to the hospital laboratory from the well-baby clinic because he was lethargic and pale. A CBC was ordered.   TEST RESULT REFERENCE RANGE RBC 3.0 X 10^6/ul 5-6 X 10^6/ul WBC 8.0 X 10^3/ul 4-10 X 10^3/ul PLT 180,000/ul 150,000 – 450,000/ul HGB 6.5 g/dl 14-16 g/dl HCT 22% 37-44% Retic count 12% 5-8%   Many of the RBCs looked like the cell below.    What is the most likely condition?

Little Johnny goes to physician for a routine checkup.  He is 6 years old and his physical exam indicates he is a little shorter than normal and his head circumference is also a little smaller than average.  His pediatrician orders a CBC.  The CBC shows decreased levels of RBCs, WBCs, and PLTs.  The pediatrician also orders a chromosome analysis on little Johnny which indicates increased fragility and breakage after the addition of diepoxybutane.  Based on these findings, what is little Johnny suffering from? 

What is the purpose of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate?

SECTION A QUESTION 1 Answer ALL the questions in this section and number your answers accordingly on a FOLIO Paper for upload. Use the data to support your answers where relevant. You may annotate and include diagrams in your answers. 1.1. Right-click on the button below to see Extract 1 and Graph 1   (1) 1.1.1 Sketch a normal demand curve for a good or service (2) 1.1.2 Explain whether Figure 1 confirms that cigarettes would have a normal demand curve (3) 1.1.3   Using the data in the text, calculate the price elasticity of demand for cigarettes (2) 1.1.4 How might this value be explained? (3) 1.1.5 Explain, with examples, what is meant by the statement that the consumption of cigarettes generates negative externalities (4) 1.1.6 Discuss whether high indirect taxes are the best way to discourage smoking (6)   Total SECTION A [20]