Consider the following organizational event: Jamal is a senior at Westbridge University. As he considers his options after graduation, he tells his professor, Dr. Morris, that he wants a career that will allow him to earn enough money to be financially independent without allowing his job to consume most of his time. When Dr. Morris asks whether he hopes to eventually become a senior manager, Jamal responds, “Maybe, but that’s not really the goal. I’d rather have the freedom to leave a job that isn’t working for me than spend ten years trying to move up.” Which of Nietfeld’s (2021) argument best describes Jamal’s conversation with Dr. Morris?

Disidentification is the opposite of identification.

Consider the following organizational event: Harbor Hope, a nonprofit food bank, unexpectedly loses a major grant from the city government. Rachel, the bank’s executive director, asks her staff to develop some possible explanations for this. Mike, a volunteer who has been with Harbor Hope since the bank opened nine years ago,  argues that the organization must have violated a reporting requirement. Lucas, a rather new volunteer to the organization argues that the committee that controls Harbor Hope’s grant must have shifted its priorities. Despite these disparate claims, Harbor Hope’s staff does not have enough evidence to determine which explanation is objectively correct, so Rachel adopts the explanation she believes makes the most sense given what the team currently knows and begins drafting as plan for how the organization shoud respond. Which concept best explains Rachel’s approach?

Consider the following organizational event: Elena strongly desires to quit her job as a restaurant hostess and, instead, become a professional food blogger. She spends roughly fifteen hours each week, on top of her regular job, designing recipes, photographing meals, editing her videos, writing captions, and building her following on Instagram and TikTok. She hasn’t received enough traction on either of her accounts to begin making money off of her content, yet. She also has reached out to other food influencers asking if they would be willing to collaborate with her, but she has not heard back from anyone yet. However, she continues because she believes that eventually a large enough following will allow her to get sponsorships and turn her passion into a career. Which concept best explains Elena’s experience?

Consider the following organizational event: Ethan recently accepted a coaching position at Pine Ridge, an elite high school travel soccer club. Ethan took this position after several years with another travel club, Oak Point, from across town. Ethan loved his time with Oak Point because of how tight knit the community was and how well the coaching staff and administrators worked together.  Before taking the job with Pine Ridge, he assumed the organization would have a collaborative coaching culture based on his prior experience with Oak Point. During his first week, though, Ethan discovered that his new coaching staff rarely shares information with each other and, Joan, Pine Ridge head coach, expects assistant coaches to follow instructions without discussion. Ethan has quickly become frustrated with this situation.  Which concept best explains Ethan’s experience at Pine Ridge?

Consider the following organizational event: Riley has volunteered for Clean Rivers Coalition, a local environmental group, for two years. She initially joined the organization because she wanted to meet other environmentalists and assist in bringing clean water to her community. Eight months later, though, Riley experienced a confrontation with the group’s director. After this confrontation, Riley realized that she wanted to be in a leadership role.  Which concept best explains Riley’s experience as a member of the Clean Rivers Coalition?

Consider the following organizational event: Meals for All, a nonprofit dedicated to supplying local foodbanks with canned goods and other nonperishable food items, has received criticism from members of the community. Initially, Sofia, the nonprofit’s volunteer coordinator, believes the criticism to be unfair and begins to reach out to community members about what Meals for All could be doing better. She then speaks with dozens of volunteers and community members surrounding neighborhoods, and, as a result, Sofia changes how she understands both the organization’s strengths and its shortcomings. Which concept best describes Sofia’s experience?

Consider the following organizational event: After four months at Lakeview Radio FM 109, Naomi, a production assistant for the station, tells her supervisor, Megan, that her current responsibilities at the station are preventing her from using her strongest skills. After some consideration, Megan agrees to let Naomi take on more responsibility and puts her in charge of putting together the setlist for Lakeview’s upcoming 80’s Night. At the same time, Megan reassigns some of Naomi’s administrative duties to Carl, one of the other, newer, reproduction assistants.  A few weeks later, Megan approaches Naomi and informs her that the station’s 80’s Night pulled in some of their highest ratings in months. Megan then puts Naomi in charge of organizing all of the set lists for the Lakeview’s special events. What concept best describes Naomi’s experience at Lakeview?

Consider the following organizational event: Several students enrolled in Westbridge University’s music program become frustrated with the program’s focus on classical music and music theory and, instead, decide to form a grunge band called Riot Bloom. They quickly become relatively popular across the city and begin to frequently sell out small shows put on around town.  Brian, the owner of a small clothing store primarily catering to Westbridge students, decides to notice the group’s rising popularity across the city and begins selling inexpensive “Riot Bloom” jackets and shirts modeled on the group’s distinctive style. Very quickly the band members’ aesthetic becomes increasingly visible across town. Which concept best explains what is going on here?

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