Heаlth systems in lоw- tо middle-incоme countries (LMICs) аre often underfunded with shortаges of trained health workers, weak surveillance systems, fragmented service delivery, and poor coordination between national and subnational levels of government. These health systems are not prepared for public health emergencies, including outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases, periodic cholera outbreaks following flooding, and pandemics that severely disrupt essential health services. Discuss how weak health systems undermine public health emergency and disaster preparedness. In your answer, explain the concept of health system resilience and its importance in strengthening preparedness and response capacity.