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The first telescоpe wаs invented in the Netherlаnds аrоund 1608. The idea оf using a convex and concave lens at either end of a tube soon spread around Europe. Galileo Galilei built his own version using lenses that he ground himself. It was so powerful and well-made that other scientists had trouble believing what Galileo claimed to see through it since their own telescopes failed to spot what the Italian could see. Galileo used his new telescope to study the heavens in great detail. He was able to observe the Moon and note that its surface seemed similar to Earth's with mountains and valleys. Galileo spotted the four largest moons of Jupiter for the first time, studied the composition of the Milky Way, and identified the phases of Venus, which proved that it orbits around the Sun. When Galileo sided with the heliocentric theory (the sun is the center of the universe) of the Polish astronomer Copernicus, he opened himself to the possibility of formal censure for heresy. Source: Letter from Galielo to the Grand Duchess Christina of Tuscany. From Discoveries and Opinions of Galileo: Translated with an Introduction and Notes by Stillman Drake To the Most Serene Grand Duchess Mother: Some years ago, as Your Serene Highness well knows, I discovered in the heavens many things that had not been seen before. The novelty (newness) of these things...in contradiction to the physical notions commonly held among academic philosophers, stirred up against me no small number of professors—as if I had placed these things in the sky with my own hands in order to upset nature and overturn the sciences. . . Showing a greater fondness for their own opinions than for truth, they sought to deny and disprove the new things. To this end they hurled various charges and published numerous writings filled with vain (worthless) arguments, and they made the grave mistake of sprinkling these with passages taken from places in the Bible which they had failed to understand properly. . . Persisting in their original resolve (determination) to destroy me by any means they can think of, these men are aware of my views in astronomy and philosophy. They know that as to the arrangement of the parts of the universe, I hold the sun to be situated motionless in the center of the revolution of the celestial orbs while the earth revolves about the sun. . . QUESTIONS: 1. According to this document, how does Galileo believe the planets are organized in the universe? 2. What are some reasons that people opposed his opinions? Provide examples. 3. How did Galileo's work change our understanding of the universe? Your answer must be in your own words- do not use direct quotes. Your answer must be a minimum of 75 words.