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Extrа Credit (5 pоints): Chооse of of the follwowing wuestions аnd explаin in 3 or more sentences. 1. A 16-year-old individual is brought to a clinic due to primary amenorrhea (absence of menstruation). The patient has normal breast development but minimal to no pubic or axillary hair. Genetic testing reveals an XY karyotype. Imaging shows undescended testes and no uterus or ovaries. Based on this case, explain what condition the patient has and describe the underlying cause. In your answer, include how this condition affects physical development and why the internal reproductive organs differ from typical female anatomy. 2. A researcher is studying two sets of twins. In the first case, two eggs are released and each is fertilized by a different sperm cell, resulting in two embryos. In the second case, a single fertilized egg divides during early development and forms two separate embryos. Using your knowledge of cell division and genetics, explain the difference between fraternal (dizygotic) twins and identical (monozygotic) twins. In your answer, describe how each type forms and how their DNA differs. 3. A 60-year-old patient suddenly collapses and is unresponsive. A cardiac monitor shows a chaotic, irregular rhythm with no effective pumping of blood. In another scenario, a different patient is found unresponsive with a flatline on the monitor. Using your knowledge of cardiac physiology, explain in which situation defibrillation would be appropriate and why. In your answer, describe how defibrillation affects the heart’s electrical activity and why it would or would not work in each case.