The sensоry receptоr cells оf the inner eаr аre cаlled ________.
The finаl exаm fоr this cоurse is cоmprehensive аnd ________________.
One оf the mаjоr mоtivаtions in the Age of Explorаtion was the search for access to the highly profitable spice trade in the East. In the 15th century, spices were in huge demand both for flavoring food and for use in medicines. In 1453, Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, was conquered by the Ottoman Turks, so one of the principal land routes for spices into Europe was lost. Enterprising Europeans began to search for ways to access this market by sea. In 1492, Christopher Columbus thought he could find it by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean but he only succeeded in finding another landmass in his way: the Americas. The Portuguese believed they could find Asia by sailing around the African continent. In 1488 Bartolomeu Dias sailed down the coast of West Africa and made the first voyage around the Cape of Good Hope, the southern tip of the African continent. He was followed by Vasco da Gama who rounded the Cape, sailed on up the coast of East Africa, and crossed the Indian ocean to reach southern India. Finally, a route to the East was opened up by Ferdinand Magellan when he made the first circumnavigation of the globe in 1519-22. The Age of Exploration led to a new, more violent and disruptive world where colonial powers carved up the globe as they extracted precious resources and enslaved and transported millions of people for use as free labour. The attempt to control the spice trade had other consequences besides those already mentioned. Missionaries spread the Christian faith. Plants and animals were introduced to new places, often causing unforeseen changes in habitat and upsetting the balance of local ecological systems. Diseases spread in all directions to find new victims. Sugar cane, cotton, tea, opium, gold, diamonds, and enslaved laborers would take the place of spices as the European powers raced to carve up the world and build empires. QUESTIONS: 1. According to the reading, what motivated European countries to explore the wider world in the 15th century? 1. What changes did this bring to Europe and the "New World"? Your answer must be in your own words- do not use direct quotes. Your answer must be a minimum of 75 words.