Reading for Questions 1 – 3 “The Americas were discovered in 1492, and the first Christian settlements established by the Spanish the following year…. [I]t would seem… that the  Almighty selected this part of the world as home to the greater part of the human race…. [T]heir delicate constitutions make them unable to withstand hard work or suffering and render them liable to succumb to almost any illness, no matter how mild. . . . It was upon these gentle lambs… that, from the very first day they clapped eyes on them, the Spanish fell like ravening wolves upon the fold, or like tigers and savage lions who have not eaten meat for days. . . . The native population, which once numbered some five hundred thousand, was wiped out by forcible expatriation to the island of Hispaniola.” Bartolomé de Las Casas, 1552  Question: Which of the following most directly resulted from the change in the Native American population described by Las Casas?

“In exercising the power of regulating their own purely internal affairs, whether of trading or police, the states may sometimes enact laws, the validity of which depends on their interference with, and being contrary to, an act of Congress passed in pursuance of the Constitution…. Should this collision exist, it will be immaterial whether those laws were passed in virtue of a concurrent power to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the several states, or in virtue of a power to regulate their domestic trade and police…. This court is of opinion that so much of the several laws of the state of New York as prohibits vessels, licensed according to the laws of the United States, from navigating the waters of the state of New York, by means of fire or steam, is repugnant to the said Constitution and void.”  — United States Supreme Court, Gibbons v Ogden, 1824 The excerpt best reflects which of the following trends during the early 1800s? 

“The creation of the home market is not only necessary to procure for our agriculture a just reward of its labors, but it is indispensible to obtain a supply of our necessary wants…. Suppose no actual abandonment of farming, but, what is most likely, a gradual and imperceptible employment of population in the business of manufacturing, instead of being compelled to resort to agriculture …. Is any part of our common country likely to be injured by a transfer of the  theater of [manufacturing] for our own consumption from Europe to America?    “…. Suppose it were even true that Great Britain had abolished all restrictions upon trade, and allowed the freest introduction of the [products] of foreign labor, would that prove it unwise for us to adopt the protecting system? The object of protection is the establishment and perfection of the [manufacturing] arts. In England it, has accomplished its purpose, fulfilled its end…. The adoption of the restrictive system, on the part of the United States, by excluding the [products] of foreign labor would extend the [purchasing] of American [products], unable, in the infancy and unprotected state of the arts, to sustain a competition with foreign fabrics. Let our arts breathe under the shade of protection; let them be perfected as they are in England, and [then] we shall be ready … to put aside protection, and enter upon the freest exchanges.”  — Henry Clay,  Speaker of the House of Representatives, speech in Congress, 1824 Which of the following was an interpretation of the speech by opponents of the goals Clay expressed in the excerpt? 

“I was particularly gratified to be favored from yourself with your sentiments on that interesting subject which has engaged so much of the attention of Congress during its present session…. I think there can be no doubt of the impropriety of the interference of government, in the direction of labor and capital … so far as it respects our own country; but I have supposed that it ought to interfere, in behalf of our own people, against the policy and the measures of Foreign governments [to protect their industries from competition]….   …. The measure of protection which [the bill passed by Congress] affords short of what many of its friends wished; but considering the sensibilities which have been awakened, and the…diversity of interests which exist in our Country it is perhaps better that we should advance slowly…. I can not however but hope and believe that… we shall see, after a few years, that it will have accomplished much.”  — Henry Clay, Speaker of the House of Representatives, letter to former President James Madison, 1824 The concerns described in the excerpt best reflect which of the following historical developments? 

Which of the following most directly contributed to the construction of canals depicted on the map? 

“The creation of the home market is not only necessary to procure for our agriculture a just reward of its labors, but it is indispensible to obtain a supply of our necessary wants…. Suppose no actual abandonment of farming, but, what is most likely, a gradual and imperceptible employment of population in the business of manufacturing, instead of being compelled to resort to agriculture …. Is any part of our common country likely to be injured by a transfer of the  theater of [manufacturing] for our own consumption from Europe to America?    “…. Suppose it were even true that Great Britain had abolished all restrictions upon trade, and allowed the freest introduction of the [products] of foreign labor, would that prove it unwise for us to adopt the protecting system? The object of protection is the establishment and perfection of the [manufacturing] arts. In England it, has accomplished its purpose, fulfilled its end…. The adoption of the restrictive system, on the part of the United States, by excluding the [products] of foreign labor would extend the [purchasing] of American [products], unable, in the infancy and unprotected state of the arts, to sustain a competition with foreign fabrics. Let our arts breathe under the shade of protection; let them be perfected as they are in England, and [then] we shall be ready … to put aside protection, and enter upon the freest exchanges.”  — Henry Clay,  Speaker of the House of Representatives, 1824 The excerpt could best be used by historians studying which of the following in the early 1800s? 

In “Self-Reliance,” the writer exhorts human beings to strive for absolute consistency vs. non-conformity.

According to, the article, “A conceptual framework for integrated STEM education”, in the last few decades, STEM education was focused on improving science and mathematics as isolated disciplines (Breiner et al. 2012; Sanders 2009; Wang et al. 2011) with little integration and attention given to technology or engineering. STEM is an attempt to…

Fig. 1 included in this article shares a conceptual framework for integrating STEM education. The article further elaborates on Fig.1 and its use. Explain Fig. 1 and how this framework can allow teachers to identify the knowledge and skills needed to effectively integrate science with technology, engineering design, and mathematics.  Use 10-12 well constructed sentences to answer the question.

The Disciplinary Core Ideas include four sections. Three of the four sections include a topic of science. Select all 3 topics of the DCI’s, not including Engineering Design.