A patient taking valproate for bipolar disorder presents with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Which condition should be suspected?

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of triptans in the treatment of acute migraine headaches? 

A patient with type 2 diabetes is started on a once-daily insulin to provide steady glucose control throughout the day with minimal peaks. Which insulin is most appropriate?  

A 19-year-old patient is started on fluoxetine for major depressive disorder. At a 2-week follow-up, the patient reports increased agitation and new thoughts of self-harm. What is the most appropriate next step?    

TR is a 33 yo male currently receiving Morphine 30mg IV every 4 hours for pain post-operatively. He has developed severe pruritus and the NP has decided to switch to Hydromorphone. The conversion ratio for morphine to hydromorphone is 10:1.5. What would the correct dose of hydromorphone be? 

A patient with type 2 diabetes and frequent hypoglycemia is switched from a sulfonylurea to a DPP-4 inhibitor. Why is this change appropriate based on mechanism?  

A 34-year-old patient with depression is taking sertraline and recently began tramadol for back pain. He presents with agitation, diaphoresis, tremor, and hyperreflexia. Vital signs show HR 110 bpm and temperature 38.5°C (101.3°F). What is the most appropriate next step?    

A 32-year-old female patient presents to the clinic with a 6-month history of excessive worry about various aspects of her life, including work performance, health, and family issues. She reports that these worries are difficult to control and are associated with restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance. She has no past medical history of psychiatric disorders and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs. Her physical examination and laboratory tests are unremarkable. After a thorough evaluation, you diagnose her with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and decide to initiate pharmacotherapy. Which of the following would be considered first-line treatment for GAD? 

A patient is prescribed olanzapine for schizophrenia. Which monitoring is most important?  

Maria is a 38-year-old woman with a history of severe Alcohol Use Disorder. She recently completed detoxification and expresses strong motivation to remain abstinent. She has no significant medical comorbidities and is open to pharmacological support as part of her relapse prevention plan. She reports that she has intense cravings, especially during the evenings, but no ongoing liver disease or opioid use. She is not currently on any medications. Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacological agent to help Maria maintain abstinence from alcohol?