Which of the following is the most common source of dietary fat in the United States? 

Las palabras _______ llevan el acento tónico en la antepenúltima sílaba.

Show all movies that are either in the “Comedy” or “Action” genre and have more than 100,000 ratings. Use IN to determine genre. Order by the number of ratings, high to low. Image Long Description Results Grid idmovies title genre year director rating numrating 29 Swept Away Comedy 1974 Lina Wertmuller 7 650984 22 Aliens Action 1986 James Cameron 8 511613 30 American Splendor Comedy 2003 Shari Springer Berman 7 399205 11 Annie Hall Comedy 1977 Woody Allen 8 203875 32 Wayne’s World Comedy 1992 Penelope Spheeris 7 203551 NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL

PRR localization dictates antiviral signaling outputs Innate sensors for viral infection include endosomal nucleic-acid–sensing TLRs and cytosolic RNA sensors (e.g., RIG-I/MDA5), which can drive distinct transcription factor programs (e.g., IRFs vs NFκB/AP-1) and type I interferon responses. A. (4 points) Choose one PRR pathway relevant to viral sensing.  For that one PRR pathway, briefly describe: where it is located (cellular compartment), the type of ligand it detects, and the dominant downstream response you’d want to amplify. B. (6 points) Propose a strategy to enhance protective antiviral immunity by selectively engaging your chosen pathway while minimizing immunopathology. Design an experiment (unlimited resources) with: how you will deliver/activate the pathway (timing + tissue targeting), endpoints for efficacy, and endpoints for safety (e.g., systemic shock-like physiology).

Compare and contrast immunoglobulin vs. T cell receptor expression by indicating in each space below whether or not the event is reversible, and whether or not it occurs in B cells and/or T cells.  Select “yes” or “no” in each space of the table below.  (0.5 point each) Event Is this event reversible? Does this event occur in B cells? Does this event occur in T cells? A.  Co-expression of some receptor isotypes on cell surface [A1] [A2] [A3] B.  Switch recombination [B1] [B2] [B3] C.  Membrane vs. secreted form of antigen receptor [C1] [C2] [C3] D.  V-region assembly [D1] [D2] [D3]  

This is an extension of the previous question about immunoglobulin vs. T cell receptor expression. A.  Please name the receptor isotypes referred to in Part A that may be co-expressed on the cell surface.  (2 points) B.  Briefly describe the molecular mechanism by which receptor isotypes may be co-expressed on the cell surface.  (4 points)

Identify the major source of peptide antigens that are presented by MHC class I molecules.  Be specific in describing the origin and processing pathway of these peptides.

Briefly define why T cells are said to be “MHC restricted.”  Your answer should describe the relationship between T cell receptors, antigens, and MHC molecules.

Cytokines are pleiotropic and redundant; prove it experimentally. Innate cytokines and chemokines act locally and systemically, can be pleiotropic, and may appear redundant; this complicates therapeutic manipulation. NK cells and ILC activation are driven by these types of responses. A. (3 points) Your research team has identified a novel cytokine that promotes differentiation/activation of NCR+ ILC3. Propose one strategy to test how this cytokine and its interactions with its receptor affect ILC3 function. B. (6 points) Design an experiment (unlimited resources) that tests for redundancy (i.e., shows that blocking one mediator is compensated by another) of this novel cytokine with others known to promote differentiation/activation of NCR+ ILC3 function. Include: at least two experimental groups,  outcomes that quantify the redundancy or lack thereof, and  interpretation of the outcomes as it relates to any redundancy or lack thereof.

Briefly define the role of HLA-DM in MHC class II antigen presentation.