[Relative and Numerical Dating] To understand many of the geological processes that occur or have occurred throughout time, geologists need to be able to put rocks of different ages into order. The two main ways that geologists do this are through relative dating and numerical dating. We will be using these terms a lot throughout this exercise. Match these terms with their definitions.

[Relative and Numerical Dating] Using the same image, determine the age of the fossils within the Cretaceous sandstone.

[Metamorphism] Understanding metamorphic facies is important in the real world when you consider that mining companies are often searching for specific minerals that may not be common. For example, the mineral sillimanite is necessary in the production of many metals, glass, and ceramics, but it is not abundant. If you were a geologist looking for sillimanite deposits to mine, what other minerals might you look for to tell you that you were in the right facies to find sillimanite as well? Use the graphic below to help you answer this question.

[Earthquakes] Now, match the name of the seismic wave with the appropriate block diagram showing wave motion.

[Relative and Numerical Dating] Fossils can be dated using isotopic dating. Suppose the index fossil had a parent:daughter ratio of 4:12. Use the graph below to determine how many half-lives elapsed.

[Earthquakes] Below is an image of tectonic settings in which earthquakes occur in continental lithosphere. Subduction-related earthquakes in continental crust are not shown. Based on where you located the epicenter of the earthquake, in what type of tectonic setting did this earthquake occur?  

[Earth’s Atmosphere]  Relative humidity is an indication of how much water vapor is present in relation to the overall storage capacity of the air. For example, warm days have much higher capacity for holding water vapor than cool days. On the following image, the relative humidity levels are given for four different weather conditions. Match the weather condition with the correct beaker.

[Oceans] The accumulation of liquid water played a crucial role in the development of life on our planet. But where did the water come from? Place the following events in order to show how our oceans formed.

[Oceans] The following image shows surface salinity values of ocean waters around the globe. Place the climate zones in order from least to most saline based on the image.

[Volcanic Hazards] Laki is the name given to a series of volcanic fissures that erupted catastrophically in 1783. Over the course of five months, the fissures emitted approximately 14 km3 of lava and vast quantities of volcanic gases. Nearly a quarter of all Icelanders perished as a result of the famine this eruption caused.Watch the video on Laki below. Laki Volcanic FissuresLinks to an external site. Using the information provided, characterize the eruption of Laki in 1783 using the choices below.