[Ocean and Coastal Processes ] As waves approach shore at an angle, they refract, or turn. This leads to longshore drift: the movement of beach sediments in the down-current direction. Based on the orientation of the wave crests in the picture below, which direction will longshore drift move sediments?

[Earth’s Atmosphere]  Water vapor condenses to form clouds, but the type of cloud depends on many atmospheric conditions. Using the word bank provided, label the cloud types in the diagram.

[Winds, Fronts, and Cyclones] It is important to distinguish cyclones from hurricanes. While both are powerful storm systems, there are notable differences. Drag the following terms onto the storm type they describe.

[Ocean and Coastal Processes ] The Earth’s oceans are part of a dynamic system. The temperature and salinity of the water varies across the globe. These differences result in variations in water density, which drives the major oceanic currents in a process called thermohaline circulation. Which type of water is densest?

[Earth’s Atmosphere]  Ozone molecules in the Earth’s stratosphere act to protect the Earth from ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. The following image shows relative concentrations of O3 (ozone). Click on the area where you would expect ultraviolet radiation to be the highest.

[Ocean and Coastal Processes ] Just east of Long Beach is an inlet near Point Lookout. This is an important shipping channel. What structure would you want to install along this inlet to prevent sediments from getting deposited in the channel?

[Volcanic Hazards] There are no towns near the Laki craters, but there is a cell tower on a nearby ridge and a hydroelectric plant within the Skaftá River Gorge. While explosive volcanic hazards like ashfall are not impacted by topography at all, lava flows are significantly influenced by topography. Lava, like water, tends to follow the path of least resistance. This usually means flowing downhill. Which of the two pieces of infrastructure is at greater risk from lava flows if Laki were to have another large eruption?  

 [Minerals] When a magma cools, minerals crystallize in a predictable manner. We call this Bowen’s reaction series. You can read about this topic in your text if it is new to you. Place each of the minerals in its correct location within the template provided.

[Volcanic Hazards] In the animation below, watch the Introduction. Then click on Topics, and select Partial Melting. You will see what a rock looks like through a microscope. The individual crystals are different materials. Set the green bar on the left to 800°F (just above low temperature). Then, click the Migrate Magma button. Use the information you gather to answer the next five questions. Lava Composition What is the composition of the melt that has been mobilized?

[Volcanic Hazards] Temperature influences the viscosity of many materials. Would you expect a high-temperature magma to be more or less viscous than a lower temperature magma?